Focus of Fortnight, Ideas for Research

Development of indicator based real time pen-stock condition monitoring system by the application of Geographical Information Systems(GIS) and Cognitive tools

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The GIS based condition monitoring systems can be developed to monitor the vital parameters of pen-stock networks which is used in hydro power plants to carry water from the source to the power house for generation of energy. The plant efficiency is often compromised due to the reduction of conveyance efficiency of the pen-stock network. The reason for this decrease can be attributed to the diminution in the depth to width ration or increase in roughness coefficient due to sedimentation or increase in infiltration due to erosion of the channel bed.The problem if remains undetected can cause a detrimental effect on utilization efficiency of the power plant which will result in wastage of resource and increase in operating cost of the plant.

Scientific Benefits that can be achieved from the results of the study:

The condition, load or flow rate etc. in a pen-stock can be monitored real time if the digitized shape files and its attribute tables can be connected to a set of sensors which can measure and send the status of the vital parameters, important for condition monitoring of the pen-stocks in large scale hydro-power plants. The portability of the monitoring system is another reason for installation of such real-time monitoring systems. A GIS map can be used in any type of device if the map-codes are generated in platform independent languages like Java etc. Most of the tools used for GIS nowadays offer such features in their digitization module. From the digitized maps,the power plant will be enable to identify vulnerable points and erroneous portions which can be rectified by adopting to required mitigation measures.

Prerequisite :

1.Knowledge of any open source GIS Software like Diva GIS or Q-GIS

Knowledge of any Cognitive Modeling Technique like Artificial Neural Networks/ Polynomial Neural Networks/ Nature Based Prediction Techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization (A tutorial by Petrakis.S) , Ant Colony (A tutorial by Majumder.J) etc.

2.Basic terminology of GIS

3.Knowledge of Open Channel Flow Equations (A 63 page Tutorial by Web Kit) / Flow equations by the author of this article

Related Papers/Monographs

Saraf, Arun K., and Arun Kumar. “GIS in small hydro planning resource management.” GIS@ development (1997): 30-37.

Buchun, W. Y. G. Z. L., & Ming, L. M. L. (2010). Automatic Collecting System of Agro-meteorology Information Based on Remote Monitoring Technique [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 10.

Related Journals

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) is indexed by Thomson Reuters, Emerging Sources Citation Index on Web of Science on 29/10/2015.

About the Journal as taken from their home page:

“The International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) seeks to promote and disseminate knowledge of the various topics and technologies of renewable (green) energy resources. The journal aims to present to the international community important results of work in the fields of renewable energy research, development.

International Journal of Energy and Informatics

About the Journal

This journal is edited by the author of this idea and publishes various works where informatics tools and techniques are applied to solve problems in energy production,conservation and management.

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Focus of Fortnight, Ideas for Research

Research Idea : Maximization of Conversion Efficiency of Attenuator type Wave Energy Converters by Nature Based Optimization Techniques

Wave Energy Converters are utilized to generate electrical energy from ocean wave energy. But due to the low efficiency and high cost such type of power plants are utilized for energy production in very few areas of the World. The conversion potential depend on wave height,period and depth of ocean.Higher the parameters higher will be the potential.However due to the absence of efficient and inexpensive converters,wide scale implementation of wave energy based power plants are not observed.This present idea attempt to optimize the efficiency of Attenuator type Wave Energy Converters and minimize the cost to produce an optimal configuration which will have high conversion efficiency within minimum cost.In this aspect the different nature based optimization techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization,Generic Algorithm or Polynomial Neural Networks etc. can be applied simultaneously to identify the best result from the techniques.Download the link below for the complete idea :

attenuator_efficiency_optimization

An example of Attenuator type wave energy converter : Pelamis

Wave Energy Converter Tutorial:

Types of Wave Energy Device

A Review of Wave Energy Converter Technology

Books on Wave Energy Converter Technologies

Handbook of Ocean Wave Energy

Editors : Arthur PecherJens and Peter Kofoed; Publisher : Springer; Year of Publication : 2017

Ocean Wave Energy Conversion : 1st Edition

Author : Aurelien Babarit; Publisher : Elsevier; Year of Publication : 2017

Coming Soon : Tutorial on Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm

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Mrinmoy Majumder, Founder-Author, Find me in Research Gate, Linked In.  Subscribe to the newsletter.

Please acknowledge or cite this idea when you use it for your project and reply to this post or contact us if you want to claim .

Citation : Majumder,M,Research Idea : Maximization of Conversion Efficiency of Attenuator type Wave Energy Converters by Nature Based Optimization Techniques,Baipatra,Retrieved from http://baipatra.ws/?p=100&preview=true on 06/11/2018.

Short Tutorials

How to find the best wave energy converter for shore line protection by the AHP MCDM method ?

AHP_tutorial (Right click and select save as if the link does not open automatically)

This tutorial will show you the procedure to identify the best wave converter for shore line protection with the help of the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) Multi Criteria Decision Making(MCDM) method. The following points may be noted :

  1. During the ranking of alternatives, with respect to Cost of installation and Distance from Electrical Grid, the alternative with lower cost and distance was given the best or first rank and alternative with the highest cost and distance was assigned the worst or last rank.

2.  AHP  can be solved by the Eigen Value(See the tutorial by Kardi,2006) method also.

3. There is a requirement of finding the Consistency Ratio ( See Page no.18 on-wards ) or CR to check the consistency of the ratings given in the Pair wise Comparison Matrix(PCM) for both criteria and alternatives. In the present study ratings were directly calculated from the complement value of the rank.That is why consistency checking is not required for the present investigation.

4.Also download the Excel file of the Example problem by clicking this link : Excel file for AHP Tutorial

Learning Materials on AHP

The above tutorial is a case study on AHP method by which one can understand the procedures adopted for the application of the method in solving real life decision making problems. For a detail introduction on AHP you can refer the books given below :

Decision Making Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); A Step by Step Approach(Research Gate Link)

Step by step approach for application of AHP written by Hamed T. The author try to describe AHP with examples and real life problems.Full text may be shared on request to the author.

Exercises for Teaching the Analytic Hierarchy Process

This is another tutorial which teaches AHP with examples from different problems of business administration.This text is free to download and authored by Lawrence Bodin and Saul I. Gass.

Cite this tutorial as : Majumder,M.How to find the best wave converter for shore line protection by the AHP MCDM method ?,Retrieved from http://baipatra.ws/?p=94&preview=true.

Related to : RESEARCH IDEA OF THIS FORTNIGHT : SELECTION OF SUITABLE WAVE CONVERTERS FOR SHORELINE PROTECTION BY MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD

Thanks and see you next week.

Mrinmoy Majumder,Founder-Author,Find me in Research Gate,Linked In. Subscribe to the newsletter.

Focus of Fortnight, Ideas for Research

Research Idea of this fortnight : Selection of Suitable Wave Converters for Shoreline Protection by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method

Idea for doing research : Selection of Suitable Wave Converters for Shoreline Protection by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method

Keywords : wave energy,multi criteria decision making methods,renewable energy,shore line protection

For whom ? Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering scholars and PG students

Scientific Benefit : The uncontrolled extraction of natural resources and un-regulated utilization of coastal zones for commercial purposes have induced erosive action which has reduced the area of coastal zones in many parts of the World.In this aspect protection of shoreline is an important objective to achieve for the sustenance of the coastal zones and to maintain the ecosystem. On the other hand, due to the rising demand for energy and limited availability of conventional fuel resources, has increased the demand for supply of energy from renewable and alternative sources of energy.That is why,if on-shore wave converters which is used for conversion of wave energy to electrical energy, can be installed in the coastal areas, then these converters can be used for both protection of shoreline and producing energy. Such procedures are now implemented in few coastal regions but the selection of suitable wave converters and the ideal location where they can be installed for maximum utilization is limiting the benefit that can be achieved from such projects. Subjective selection of converters or location will result in less than desired level of protection and  production of energy. It will also increase the investment required for installation and operation of such arrangements. Thus research projects can be undertaken to solve this problem by utilizing objective techniques like Multi Criteria Decision Making(MCDM).

Brief Methodology : The multi criteria decision making processes requires a set of alternatives or options from which one has to be selected as the answer to the decision making problem. A set of criteria is also required by which the alternatives are compared and rated with the help of a scale and then based on the selected MCDM method, aggregated value of the ratings were calculated. The option with the maximum aggregated value (also known as : weight of significance/priority value), will be selected as the answer to the decision making problem.

In case of wave converter selection for shoreline protection and energy production on a particular location, some criteria has to be identified by which the available alternatives can be compared. As the objective of the present investigation is to select a converter which can be used on that location for maximum protection and production of energy from the waves,due to two number of objectives,  two level of criteria will be ideal for the present decision problem.

First level of criteria can  be shoreline protection and utilization efficiency that can be achieved from the converter on that location.

The second level criteria will be 1.Total Cost required for installation,operation and maintenance;2. stability of the soil;3.height of the wave;4.wave period;5.ocean depth and 6. wind speed.

The converters must be on-shore and oscillating column type as such kind of converters has a stable mooring structure which is required for shoreline protection. The type of converters will be used as the alternatives.

The Second level criteria will be compared with respect to the first level criteria and the alternatives will be compared with respect to the second level criteria.

After the criteria and alternatives are selected, next step is to identify a MCDM method which can be effectively used for this kind of decision making problems. Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) can be a good method as the present problem consist complexity and AHP is known to be ideal for such kind of problems.

The criteria and alternative selected here is based on the opinion of the author of this post.However,other criteria can be used and it will definitely vary with respect to the decision maker.

Short tutorial : How to find the best wave converter for shore line protection by the AHP MCDM method ?

Apps : For application of AHP in any type of similar decision making problem (Coming soon).

Book/Papers/Reports to learn more :

About Wave Energy Converters : Hosna Titah-Benbouzid, Mohamed Benbouzid. An Up-to-Date Technologies Review and Evaluation of
Wave Energy Converters. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING-IREE,
2015, 10 (1), pp.52-61.

2. Wave energy converters

About MCDM and AHP : 1. Multi-Criteria Decision Making method

2.Multi-Criteria Decision Making: An Operations Research approach

3.Triantaphyllou E. (2000) Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods. In: Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods: A Comparative Study. Applied Optimization, vol 44. Springer, Boston, MA.

Software you can use 

For AHP decision making : 1. MakeItRational is a decision support software based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a method of multi-criteria evaluation which organizes and simplifies decision-making. Use MakeItRational software for supporting complex and tough decisions; 2. The Super Decisions is decision support software that implements the AHP and ANP. The Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) make it possible to include intangibles in decision making.

Similar Papers

The difference between the following papers and the present idea is all these papers uses a subjective approach whereas the present idea tried to utilize objective method like MCDM to solve the problem.

Zanuttigh, B., L. Martinelli, M. Castagnetti, P. Ruol, Jens Peter Kofoed, and Peter Frigaard. “Integration of wave energy converters into coastal protection schemes.” Proc ICOE (2010).

Bergillos, Rafael J., Alejandro Lopez-Ruiz, Encarnacion Medina-Lopez, Antonio Monino, and Miguel Ortega-Sanchez. “The role of wave energy converter farms on coastal protection in eroding deltas, Guadalfeo, southern Spain.” Journal of Cleaner Production 171 (2018): 356-367.

Call for Paper related to present research idea:

Monograph : Climate change and its impact on Water and Energy Management : MCDM and ANN Approaches edited by M.Majumder and G.D.Kale.Proposed to be published from Springer. Please reply to this post or contact us if you are interested to submit one of your paper in this book.

Interested to feature your call for paper here ? Kindly reply to this email or contact us.

Thanks,

Mrinmoy Majumder,Founder-Author,Find me in Research Gate,Linked In. Subscribe to the newsletter.

Please acknowledge or cite this idea when you use it for your project and reply to this post or contact us if you want to claim .

Citation : Majumder,M,Research Idea : Selection of Suitable Wave Converters for Shoreline Protection by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method,Baipatra,Retrieved from http://baipatra.ws/?p=88 on 16/09/2018.

 

Focus of Fortnight

Ideas for doing research on Pump as Turbine

The topic of Pump as turbine is not new but recently due to the advent of different soft-computation technologies and growing demand for electricity has opened the scope and increased the interest of research in this topic. Most of the recent studies deal with optimization of performance and/or hydraulic efficiency of pump as turbine,environmental benefits,numerical simulation of cavitating flow,application in high rise buildings,identification of unstable region,CFD simulation,hydraulic transient analysis,effect of misaligned guide vanes etc. Fuzzy logic was widely used as a soft computation technique to achieve the study objectives. Below are some of the areas under Pump as Turbine where further research may yield useful and novel results.

  1. Impact of climate change on Pump as Turbines(PAT).
  2. Location selection for installation of PAT based hydro-power plant.
  3. CFD Analysis of Pump turbine for identification of unstable regions under different demand scenario
  4. Impact of climate change on fluid flow and cavitation in Pump as turbine systems
  5. Selection of ideal pump and turbine combination for development of a pump – turbine based power plants
  6. Minimization of water and energy use of water systems by installation of pump turbine schemes.
  7. Impact analysis of misaligned blades on performance efficiency of pump-turbine systems.
  8. Indicator based system identification of clearance flow and load rejection,
  9. Selection of renewable energy systems in hilly regions
  10. Impact of conveyance efficiency on loss due to PAT.

Different soft computation techniques can easily be used for achieving objective  of PAT and if possible an experimental set up to establish/validate the data may be installed.

In recent times validation of data has become an important issue for getting acceptance.However,the ten topics above requires in-depth research,analysis and novel synthesis.

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Focus of Fortnight

Papers on Pump as Turbine published from Springer Publisher in 2018

In 2017-2018,1073 articles, 1251 book chapters and 241 conference papers were published from Springer Publishers on the topic of “Pump as Turbine”. In 2018 following four papers were published on this topic from Springer Publishers.

  1. Analysis of transient flow in a pump-turbine during the load rejection process,Xiaolong Fu, Deyou Li, Hongjie Wang… in Journal of Mechanical Science and Technolo… (2018)

2. Experimental investigations of a prototype reversible pump turbine in generating mode with water head variations,JinWei Li, YuNing Zhang, JiXing Yu in Science China Technological Sciences (2018)

3. Analysis of the vortices in the inner flow of reversible pump turbine with the new omega vortex identification method,Yu-ning Zhang, Kai-hua Liu, Jin-wei Li … in Journal of Hydrodynamics (2018)

4. Dynamic instability of a pump-turbine in load rejection transient process,XiaoLong Fu, DeYou Li, HongJie Wang, GuangHui Zhang… in Science China Technological Sciences (2018).

The number of documents related to this topic published from Springer Publisher in 2016-17,2015-16,2014-15 and 2013-14 was found to be 1264,1159,1068 and 979 articles respectively. The trend indicates increased interest of research on this topic.

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Focus of Fortnight

Five Latest Papers Published from Elsevier on Pump as Turbine

In 2018 , total 2936 numbers of paper was published from Science Direct or Elsevier Publisher on the topic of “Pump as Turbine”. In 1995 the total number of publication from Elsevier on the same topic was 922. Although, there is a reduction of number of papers published in 2018 compared to 2017 (4349),a steady increase was observed from 2006(1080) to 2017 which depicts a constant increase of research in this field. Below are the five latest papers on Pump as Turbine which was published in 2018 from Elsevier Publishers.

  1. Pumps as turbines for efficient energy recovery in water supply networks,Research article
    Renewable Energy, Volume 122, July 2018, Pages 17-25
    M. Kramer, K. Terheiden, S. Wieprecht
  2. Cavitation behavior study in the pump mode of a reversible pump-turbine,Research article
    Renewable Energy, Volume 125, September 2018, Pages 655-667,Ran Tao, Ruofu Xiao, Fujun Wang, Weichao Liu
  3. A general methodology for performance prediction of pumps-as-turbines using Artificial Neural Networks,Research article
    Renewable Energy, Volume 128, Part A, December 2018, Pages 265-274
    Mosè Rossi, Massimiliano Renzi
  4. Unstable behaviour of pump-turbines and its effects on power regulation capacity of pumped-hydro energy storage plants,Review article
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 94, October 2018, Pages 399-409
    Giovanna Cavazzini, Jean-Bernard Houdeline, Giorgio Pavesi, Olivier Teller, Guido Ardizzon
  5. Experimental study of viscosity effects on a pump as turbine performance,Research article
    Renewable Energy, Volume 127, November 2018, Pages 539-547
    Sina Abazariyan, Roohollah Rafee, Shahram Derakhshan

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Focus of Fortnight

Case Study : Limmern pumped storage plant

The above video shows a case study of Limmern Pumped Storage Plant which will use two lakes; Lake Limmern and Lake Mutt, where former is lower by 630 m with respect to the latter. This plant is developed by Axpo (http://www.axpo.com) and the video is created by them.

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Focus of Fortnight

Fengning Pumped-Storage Plant : largest Pumped-storage power station in the world

The video above showed the case study of Fengning Pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant which have a capability of 3.6GW, and is the largest Pumped-storage power station in the world. This video is prepared by “Chinese bridge”.

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